Berteroaincana (B. incana), a springephemeral species of Brassicaceae, possesses very highphotosyntheticcapacities at high irradiances. Exploring the mechanism of the highlight use efficiency of B. incanaunderstronglightconditions may help to explore mechanisms of plants’ survival strategies. Therefore, the photosynthetic characteristics of B. incana grown under three different light intensities (field conditions (field): 200–1500 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹; greenhouse highlight (HL) conditons: 600 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹; and greenhouse low light (LL) conditions: 100 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹) were investigated and compared with those of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). Our results revealed that B. incana behaved differently in adjusting its photosynthetic activities under both HL and LL conditions compared with what A. thaliana did under the same conditions, suggesting that the potential of photosyntheticcapacity of B. incana might be enhanced understronglightconditions. Under LL conditions, B. incana reached its maximum photosynthetic activity at a much higherlight intensity than A. thaliana did, although their maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (F_v/F_m) was almost the same. When grown under HL conditions, B. incana showed much higherphotosyntheticcapacity than A. thaliana. A detailed analysis of the OJIP transient kinetics of B. incanaunder HL and LL conditions revealed that HL-grown B. incana possessed not only a high ability in regulating photosystem stoichiometry that ensured high linear electron transport, but also an enhanced availability of oxidized plastoquinone (PQ) pool which reduced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), especially its slow components qT and qI, and increased the photochemical efficiency, which in turn, increased the electron transport. We suggest that the high ability in regulating photosystem stoichiometry and the high level of the availability of oxidized PQ pool in B. incanaunderstronglightconditions play important roles in its ability to retain higherphotosyntheticcapacityunder extreme environmental conditions.